The within the field of educational technology there are numerous ways to design and communicate opportunities for learning to an audience of learners. Among the various models of instructional system design (ISD) used in teaching, the ADDIE model is commonly used to create instructional materials that cater to the instructor's overall goal. In order to understand the ADDIE model, an instructor must consider its five phases:
Here's another graphical illustration of the ADDIE model with a brief explanation of the five each phases:
Florida State University creates the ADDIE model for the U.S. Army (Branson, Rayner, Cox, Furman, King, Hannum, 1975).
Dr. Russell Watson revises the ADDIE model. The five main phases remain the same, but the steps within the phases are changed. This is done to fit an organization's needs (Watson, 1981).
ADDIE changes from a linear to a dynamic model (U.S. Army, 1984). The last phase, "Evaluation and Control," is shortened to "Evaluation" (U.S Army, 1984).
ADDIE is first used as an acronym (Schlegel, 1995).
J. J. G. van Merrienbor (1997) writes that other instructional design models can be used in conjunction with ADDIE; thus it is a "plug & play" model.
ADDIE moves from being a process model (De Simone, Werner, Harris 2002) to being a guide . While ADDIE strives to identify on-the-job performance (Branson, Rayner, Cox, Furman, Hannum, 1975), it works best with other performance models.
References
Clark, D. R. (2004). ADDIE timeline. Retrieved from http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/history_isd/addie.html#model
Dick, W., & Carey, L. (1996). The systematic design of instruction. New York, NY: Haper Collins College Publishers.
Leshin, C.B., Pollock, J., & Reigeluth, C. M. (1992). Instructional design strategies and tactics. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Education Technology Publications.
Molenda, M. (2003). "In search of the elusive ADDIE model". Performance improvement, 42(5), 34-37.
Strickland, A.W. (2006). ISU College of Education: ADDIE. Retrieved from http://ed.isu.edu/addie/index.html.